Mechanism of Sewage Treatment Bacteria

Mechanism of Sewage Treatment Bacteria:
1. Aerobic bacteria converts organic pollutants into water and carbon dioxide, or nutrients for sewage treatment bacteria, using dissolved oxygen in water. This process breaks down pollutants, achieving deodorization. This method is called aerobic treatment, most commonly used is activated sludge method.
2. Anaerobic bacteria convert nitrates (using oxygen from nitrates) without oxygen, performing denitrification reactions to produce nitrogen gas. This method is widely used in wastewater treatment with nitrogen gas. Acidogenic bacteria (anaerobic bacteria) are often used in the initial acidification reaction of absolute anaerobic wastewater treatment methods.
3. Absolute anaerobic biological treatment uses acidogenic bacteria to acidify the wastewater, breaking down carbohydrates or proteins into monosaccharides, amino acids, or low-level fatty acids (organic acids). Acetate-forming bacteria (absolute anaerobic bacteria) then break down the monosaccharides, amino acids, or organic acids into acetate. Finally, methane-forming bacteria (absolute anaerobic bacteria) decompose the acetate into methane.
4. Most sewage treatment bacteria feed on pollutants like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which can be broken down by various sewage treatment bacteria to become nutrients for growth and reproduction. Using photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus bacteria, hydrogen sulfide, a smelly gas, can be converted into sulfur elements needed for growth, thus achieving deodorization.
5. Microbial sewage treatment bacteria have sticky substances of polysaccharides that can absorb pollutants in the environment, which is often used to adsorb heavy metal ions.
6. When the bacteria enter the wastewater through special microbial sewage treatment bacteria, they become dominant bacteria in the environment, inhibiting the growth of pathogens and spoilage bacteria. For example, when lactobacillus becomes dominant, it can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli in the environment, thereby reducing the production of ammonia and other odors.