What are PAC and PAM

What are PAC and PAM
 
PAC, also known as polyaluminium chloride, is an inorganic polymer water treatment agent.PAM, also known as polyacrylamide, can be divided into anionic, cationic, and nonionic types. The former belongs to coagulants, while the latter belongs to flocculants, which are used in the sewage treatment industry.
 
 
PAC is a light yellow or red powder that is easily soluble in water. Its molecular formula is [AL2(OH)nCL6-n]m, where n≤5 and m≤10. Due to the varying amounts of hydroxyl groups in the molecule, when polyaluminium chloride is added to turbid source water, it continues to hydrolyze under the pH conditions of the source water. During the hydrolysis process, a series of physical and chemical processes such as coagulation, adsorption, and precipitation occur, achieving the purpose of purification.
 
 
PAM is white powder and easily soluble in water. When used as a flocculant, PAM is related to the surface properties of the flocculated material, especially the potential, annuality, turbidity, and pH value of the suspension. The dynamic potential on the surface of the particles is the reason for particle inhibition. Adding PAM with opposite surface charges can reduce the dynamic potential and promote coagulation.
 
Due to the different water quality in various industries, PAC and PAM are generally used together to achieve better water purification effect.   ---H