Characteristics & guidelines for polyacrylamide (PAM) usage
Usage characteristics
1、Flocculation: PAM acts as a flocculant due to its ability to neutralize...
Characteristics & guidelines for polyacrylamide (PAM) usage
Usage characteristics
1、Flocculation: PAM acts as a flocculant due to its ability to neutralize and adsorb suspension matters.
2、Adhesion: It bonds through mechanical, physical and chemical means.
3、Drag reduction: PAM significantly reduces fluid friction; adding only a trace can reduce resistance by 50-80%.
4、Thickening: PAM thickens in both neutral and acidic conditions but is prone to hydrolysis above pH 10. Thickening intensifies when it forms a semi-reticular structure.
Guidelines for PAM use
1、Granular PAM flocculants should not be directly added to wastewater. They must first be dissolved in water before treating the wastewater with their aqueous solution.
2、The water used to dissolve the polymer should be clean (e.g., tap water), not wastewater. Room temperature water suffices, no heating required. The dissolution rate slows down at temperatures below 5°C. Elevated temperatures expedite the process but above 40°C may accelerate degradation of the polymer, affecting efficacy. Generally, tap water suits well for preparing the polymer solution. Strong acids, bases or high salt content water are unsuitable.
3、For selecting the concentration of the polymer solution, it's recommended to use 0.1%-0.3%, i.e., 1g-3g of polymer powder per liter of water.
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